Roth vs Traditional 401(k) Calculator 2026 β€” Which Is Better?

Compare Roth and Traditional 401(k) side-by-side. See current tax savings vs retirement balance and find out which strategy wins for your situation.

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Recommended Strategy
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Traditional After-Tax Value
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Roth Tax-Free Value
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Winner's Advantage

Side-by-Side Projection (10-Year Snapshots)

Year Trad. Balance Trad. After-Tax Roth Balance Roth Advantage

How This Roth vs Traditional 401(k) Calculator Works

Enter your salary, contribution rate, and tax rates. The calculator computes the after-tax value of each strategy at retirement. Traditional contributions reduce your taxable income now but are taxed at withdrawal. Roth contributions cost more today (after-tax dollars) but grow completely tax-free.

Calculation Logic

Annual Contribution = Salary Γ— Contribution %
Traditional: pre-tax contribution, no upfront tax cost
β†’ FV = Contribution Γ— [(1+r)^n βˆ’ 1] / r
β†’ After-Tax = FV Γ— (1 βˆ’ Retirement Rate)
Roth: after-tax contribution cost = Contribution Γ— (1 βˆ’ Current Rate)
β†’ FV = same as Traditional (same contribution amount)
β†’ After-Tax = FV (100% tax-free)

Example

$95,000 salary, 10% contribution ($9,500/yr), 22% current rate, 18% retirement rate, 25 years, 7% return:
Both strategies grow to same pre-tax FV: ~$607,000
Traditional after-tax: $607,000 Γ— (1 βˆ’ 18%) = $497,740
Roth: $607,000 (fully tax-free)
Roth wins by: $109,260 β€” the lower retirement rate still doesn't overcome tax-free compounding
Extended

Breakeven Tax Rate Analysis

At what future tax rate does Roth become better than Traditional? Sensitivity table across all brackets.

At what future retirement tax rate does each strategy win? The table shows after-tax retirement value for both Roth and Traditional across all common future tax rates. Uses the salary and contribution rate entered above.

After-Tax Retirement Value by Future Tax Rate

Future Tax Rate Traditional After-Tax Roth Tax-Free Roth Advantage Winner

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main difference between Roth and Traditional 401(k)?
A Traditional 401(k) takes contributions pre-tax, reducing your taxable income now but requiring you to pay taxes when you withdraw in retirement. A Roth 401(k) uses after-tax dollars β€” you get no upfront tax break, but all qualified withdrawals in retirement are completely tax-free, including investment growth.
When is a Roth 401(k) the better choice?
A Roth 401(k) is generally better when your current tax rate is lower than your expected retirement tax rate. This is common for younger workers early in their careers, people with large Roth balances that will grow significantly, or anyone who expects tax rates to rise in the future.
Are Roth 401(k) contributions subject to income limits?
No. Unlike Roth IRAs, Roth 401(k) contributions have no income limits. Anyone with access to a Roth 401(k) plan at work can contribute regardless of their income level. The only limit is the annual contribution limit ($24,500 in 2026, plus $7,500 catch-up for age 50+).
What are the 2026 401(k) contribution limits?
For 2026, the 401(k) elective deferral limit is $24,500 for both Traditional and Roth. If you are age 50 or older, you can make an additional catch-up contribution of $7,500, bringing the total to $31,000. These limits apply to the combined total of Traditional and Roth 401(k) contributions.
Do I have to pay RMDs on a Roth 401(k)?
As of the SECURE Act 2.0 (effective 2024), Roth 401(k) accounts are no longer subject to required minimum distributions (RMDs) during the account owner's lifetime. Previously, RMDs were required starting at age 73. This change makes Roth 401(k)s even more attractive for estate planning and tax-free growth.